Black-necked garter snake (Thamnophis cyrtopsis)

The black-necked garter snake, scientifically known as Thamnophis cyrtopsis, is a nonvenomous snake species belonging to the family Colubridae. It is primarily found in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, inhabiting a variety of aquatic and semi-aquatic habitats. The black-necked garter snake is known for its distinct coloration and adaptability to different environments.

This garter snake species has a slender body, typically measuring between 18 to 30 inches (46 to 76 centimeters) in length, although some individuals can reach lengths of up to 40 inches (102 centimeters). It has a slightly flattened head and smooth scales. The base coloration of the snake's body ranges from olive green to dark brown, with a series of yellow or light brown stripes running along the length of its body, from the head to the tail. These stripes are often bordered by darker bands, giving the snake a striking appearance. The neck region is typically black or dark brown, hence the common name "black-necked" garter snake.

Black-necked garter snakes are well adapted to an aquatic or semi-aquatic lifestyle. They can be found in various wetland habitats, including streams, rivers, ponds, marshes, and even irrigation canals. They are skilled swimmers and are often seen near the water, where they forage for their primary prey, which consists of small fish, amphibians, and invertebrates like insects and worms.

These snakes are active both during the day and night, but they may become more nocturnal in hotter months to avoid extreme temperatures. They are generally docile and nonaggressive, preferring to flee or hide when encountered rather than displaying defensive behaviors. However, if threatened or cornered, they may release a musky odor and bite in self-defense.

Breeding in black-necked garter snakes typically occurs in the spring or early summer. Females give birth to live young rather than laying eggs, and a single litter can contain anywhere from 6 to 40 or more offspring. The newborn snakes are independent from birth and quickly begin feeding on small prey.

Conservation status information specifically for black-necked garter snakes may vary depending on the specific region or subspecies. Overall, they are not considered to be threatened or endangered.

However, habitat loss, degradation of wetland areas, and pollution can pose risks to their populations. Preserving their aquatic habitats and ensuring water quality are important for their continued survival.

In summary, the black-necked garter snake, Thamnophis cyrtopsis, is a nonvenomous snake species found in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Its distinctive coloration, adaptability to aquatic environments, and preference for a varied diet make it an intriguing and important species within its respective habitat.