Common side blotched lizard (Uta stansburiana)

The side-blotched lizard (Uta stansburiana) is a small reptile species belonging to the family Phrynosomatidae. It is a widely distributed lizard found throughout the western United States and northern Mexico. This lizard is known for its fascinating reproductive strategy and the presence of distinct color morphs.

Side-blotched lizards have a compact and slender body, typically measuring around 2.5 to 4 inches (6 to 10 centimeters) in snout-to-vent length, with a long tail that is usually longer than their body. They have a flattened appearance and are covered in small, granular scales. The coloration of side-blotched lizards can vary greatly depending on the location and individual, but they typically exhibit a combination of brown, gray, or yellowish hues, often with speckles or patterns on their bodies.

One of the distinguishing features of side-blotched lizards is the presence of a dark blotch or patch located on their sides, just behind the front limbs. The size and intensity of this blotch can vary among individuals. Additionally, males may exhibit throat patches that range in color from yellow to orange to blue. These color variations play a crucial role in the lizard's complex reproductive behavior.

Side-blotched lizards are primarily found in arid and semi-arid habitats, such as rocky areas, sandy deserts, and shrublands. They are well-adapted to these environments, often seeking shelter under rocks or in burrows to escape extreme temperatures. They are diurnal, being active during the day, and are known for their agility and quick movements.

The reproductive behavior of side-blotched lizards is quite unique. They employ a strategy known as a "rock-paper-scissors" mating system. In this system, there are three male color morphs: orangethroated "ultra-dominant" males, blue-throated "sneaker" males, and yellow-throated "mate-guarding" males. Each morph has a different mating strategy, and their success is influenced by the females' preference for certain morphs. This dynamic system ensures a balance of different male strategies within the population.

The diet of side-blotched lizards primarily consists of small invertebrates, including insects, spiders, and other arthropods. They are skilled hunters, using their excellent eyesight and quick reflexes to locate and capture their prey. They may also consume plant material, such as fruits or flowers, on occasion.

Overall, side-blotched lizards are a fascinating species known for their diverse coloration, intricate reproductive behavior, and adaptability to arid environments. Their presence in various habitats across the western United States adds to the ecological diversity of these regions.